The reproductive system is the ensembles and interactions of organs and/or substances within an organism that strictly pertain to reproduction. As an example, this would include in the case of female mammals, the hormone estrogen, ova, and the uterus and the vagina, and the breasts. This also includes gametes.

A reproductive system disease is any disease that impairs the ability to reproduce.

Such diseases may arise from genetic or congenital abnormalities, such as hermaphroditism, from functional problems such as impotence or infertility or infections such as sexually transmitted diseases.

Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is a broad statement that refers to three general types of infections that affect the reproductive tract, which is part of the Reproductive System. For females, reproductive tract infections can be in either the upper reproductive tract (fallopian tubes, ovary and uterus), and the lower reproductive tract (vagina, cervix and vulva); for males these infections are at the penis, testicles, urethra or the sperm tube. The three types of reproductive tract infections are endogenous infections, latrogenic infections and the more commonly known sexually transmitted infections. Each has its own specific causes and symptoms, either caused by a bacterium, virus, unsterilized medical tools or sexually. Some of these are easily treatable and can be cured, while others are more difficult.

A sexually transmitted disease (STD), a.k.a. Venereal disease (VD), is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between humans or animals by means of sexual contact, including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex. Increasingly, the term sexually transmitted infection (STI) is used, as it has a broader range of meaning; a person may be infected, and may potentially infect others, without showing signs of disease. Some STIs can also be transmitted via the needles used in IV drug use, as well as through childbirth or breastfeeding.